物种特异性基因扩增鉴别掺假食用植物油

Species-specific PCR for the identification of the adulterant in edible vegetable oils

目的:建立特异的掺假食用植物油鉴定方法。方法:以掺假食用油中掺入的低价值食用油相应油料作物物种特异性基因为靶标,采用普通PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)方法鉴定掺入一种低价值食用油的混合油样,双重PCR技术鉴定掺入两种低价值食用油的混合油样。结果:在8个按2/3量掺入一种低价值食用油的混合油样中至少在一个平行样中检出低价值食用油相应的物种特异性基因,而按1/2比例掺入低价值食用油的8个油样中有5个检出混入的低价值食用油;3个按照1∶1∶1掺入两种低价值食用油的混合油样,其掺假检出率及平行样之间重现性均较差。结论:本研究选定的掺假植物油的检测靶标具有较强特异性,可有效鉴别大量掺入低价值食用植物油的掺假油品,但对于掺假量低于50%的油品,其掺假鉴别能力尚待提高。

Objective： To develop a specific PCR method for the identification of adulterant in edible vegetable oils for hogwash oil.Methods： The species-specific gene of the low-value edible oil acts as targets.PCR（Polymerase Chain Reaction） and double PCR method were respectively used to identify the oil samples mixed by one or two kinds of low-value oils.Results： For the 8 oil samples mixed by a kind of low-value oil in the ratio of 2/3 or 1/2,at least in a parallel test,the low-value oil species-specific genes were detected in all 8 samples for the former and were detected in 5 oil samples for the latter.The detection for the 3 oil samples mixed by two kinds of low-value oils in the ratio of 1∶1∶1 suggested that the adulteration detection rate and reproducibility were poor.Conclusion： The novel method,with high specific detection targets,can effectively identify the adulterants in edible vegetable oils when a higher proportion of low-value oil is mixed.But if the proportion is lower than 50%,the identification ability need to be promoted.