论《乐记》中的审美教育功能思想

On the Theory of Function of Aesthetic Education in Notes of Music

战国时的《乐记》经汉代学者整理,成为中国第一部系统研究音乐理论的著作,其中对音乐的审美教育功能思想作了系统阐述。《乐记》认为音乐由人心感于物而产生,又从情感上打动人,使人获得快乐和教益。其快乐包含着生理的节奏和韵律的共鸣,其教益包含着积极和消极的因素。《乐记》还认为人是宇宙万物和谐的组成部分,音乐体现了宇宙的和谐,包括相辅相成的协调和相反相成的节奏。人类社会作为宇宙万物规律的体现,也要体现和谐原则,而音乐中也体现了人伦关系的和睦。音乐的审美教育要体现"以道制欲"的原则。音乐主要从内心感动人,所以音乐的审美教育对人进行着潜移默化的感化,与道德礼仪教育相辅形成。《乐记》对中国两千多年音乐思想产生了深远的影响,尽管它有封建时代社会要求的局限性,但其贡献值得我们珍视。

Notes of Music in the period of Warring Kingdoms became China＇s first work of a systematic study of music theory through re-compilation by the scholars in the Han Dynasty,which systematically elaborated the music＇s function of aesthetic education.According to Notes of Music,music came into being through men＇s mental impression,moved them emotionally and gave them pleasure and instructions.Pleasure of music involved both physical rhythm and rhyming resonance,whose instructions were partly active and partly inactive.Therefore,aesthetic education of music should follow the principle of ＂controlling desire by Taoism＂.This meant that music moved people mainly internally,so aesthetic education of music influenced people unconsciously,which happened to supplement each other with education of moral and propriety.Considering the profound influence of Notes of Music on China＇s theory of music throughout two millennia,its great contributions deserve to be treasured despite its limitations to ancient feudal society.