种植理性与清代农家经济选择——以河南省为中心的研究

Reasoning of Plantation and Selection of Agricultural Economy in the Qing Dynasty——A Case Study Based on Henan Province

将清代河南省粮食种植中夏粮和秋粮分开考量,传统农业区河南省以口粮为主的粮食生产在长时期内保持着优势地位,农民家庭根据生存理性合理地安排着种植结构。这种状况一直保持到清末,随着市场价格走高、交通运输改观、农业技术革新等因素的刺激,油料作物、烟叶、棉花等为代表的经济作物开始挤压口粮主食作物的种植,出现了真正的"与粮争地"。这同样是农家经济行为选择中的理性表现,也是中国工业化变迁过程中出现的主要现象之一。

This paper investigated the summer and autumn crops grown in Henan Province in the Qing Dynasty respectively.According to the results,it was thought that Henan Province maintained an advantageous place in provisions-based grain production in China＇s traditional agricultural areas and that each farmer＇s family properly arranged its structure of plantation depending on the reasoning of survival.This situation remained till the late Qing Dynasty when such commercial crops as oil plants,tobacco,cotton started to diverse the plantation of provisions crops under the stimulation of multiple elements,such as the rise of market price,improvement of communications and transportation and innovations of agricultural technology.Thus occurred the real situation of ＂vying provisions crops for land＂.However,this just expressed the Chinese farmer＇s reasoning in his choice of economic behaviour,which happened to be one of leading phenimena in the course of China＇s industrialization.