地菍的研究进展

Research Progress on M.dodecandrum Lour

[目的]综述地菍(Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.)的生物学特性、化学成分及其含量测定方法、食用价值、药用价值、园林应用和繁殖育种方式。[方法]查阅地菍的相关研究,结合实地调查进行概述。[结果]地菍属多年生披散状或匍匐状亚灌木草本,喜高温潮湿气候,生于酸性至中性土壤中,耐干旱瘠薄,在全日照或半阴性条件下生长良好。地菍茎轮廓为具四棱角的类圆形,髓部大;花粉近长球形,表面具网状-条棒状纹饰;种子颜色呈浅米黄色或黄色,呈类肾形、类三角形、类半圆形,较饱满,无皱缩。地菍含有的化学成分种类有酸性物质、甾体三萜类和皂苷物质、黄酮类物质、内酯类物质、生物碱、氨基酸或肽类物质、糖类和多糖类物质;另外,地菍还含有多种金属元素,如Na、K、Mg、Ca、Pe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd和Pb等。地菍中没食子酸含量较高,可作为其质量控制指标,可以采用RP-HPLC测定其含量;地菍总酚可以用HPD100大孔吸附树脂分离。地菍具有较高的药用价值、食用价值和园林应用价值。地菍的繁殖方式主要有种子繁殖、扦插繁殖和组织培养繁殖。[结论]该研究可以为进一步开发利用地菍资源提供依据。

[Objective] To review the biological property,chemical components and their contents determination methods,edible value,medicinal value,landscape application and reproduction system of M.dodecandrum Lour.[Method]The researches on M.dodecandrum Lour.were reviewed based on relevant studies and field investigation.[Result] M.dodecandrum Lour.belonged to perennial loose or prostrate sub-shrub herb,it was fond of hot and humid climate and acidic and neutral soil,and was resistant to drought,and it grew well under full sunlight or half cloudy conditions.The shape of M.dodecandrum Lour.stem was similar to circle,the pith part was large;the pollen was nearly prolate spheroid with netted rind;the seed was light beige or yellow,it was reniform,triangle and semicircular,and the seed was full without crimple.M.dodecandrum Lour.had some chemical components of acidoid,steroidal triterpenes,saponins,falvonoids,lactones,alkaloids,amino acids,peptides,sugar and polysaccharides,and other metal elements of Na,K,Mg,Ca,Pe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn,Cd and Pb and so on.The content of gallic acid was high,therefore it could be act as the quality control index and determined by RP-HPLC;total phenols could be extracted by HPD100 resin.M.dodecandrum Lour.had high medicinal,edible and landscape application values,and it could be reproduced through seeds,cuttings and tissue culture.[Conclusion]The study provided references for further developing and utilizing M.dodecandrum Lour.resources.