经营干扰对华北落叶松人工林群落演替趋势的影响

Study on Effects of Forest Management Interference on Succession Trend of Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantation

[目的]为进一步优化落叶松人工林群落的结构和科学经营现有落叶松人工林提供依据。[方法]对河北省围场县不同经营措施的华北落叶松人工林设置样地,进行植被调查,分析其演替趋势。[结果]群落A、B、C、D的主林层相对密度均为100.00%,演替层和更新层均为0%;群落E主林层相对密度为8.10%,演替层和更新层分别为87.79%和4.10%;群落F的主林层相对密度为76.69%,演替层和更新层分别为12.53%和10.78%。[结论]长时间未进行经营干扰或只对其进行了间伐的华北落叶松人工林,无明显演替趋势,在短期内仍将持续单层纯林的状况;间伐后对地表枯落物进行清除的群落,有可能发展成以现有华北落叶松大树为主林层;演替更新层中竞争胜出的华北落叶松及少量白桦等为亚林层的复层异龄林;进行割灌干扰较少的华北落叶松人工林群落,短期内应该演替成以华北落叶松为优势种,桦树为亚优势种,以其他阔叶树种为伴生种的复层异龄混交林。

[Objective]The study aimed to provide the basis of optimizing the structure of plantation community of Larix principis-rupprechtii and scientifically managing the existing L.principis plantation.[Method]The L.principis plantation with different management measures in Weichang County of Hebei Province were conducted for the vegetation investigation through setting the sample land and make for the analysis on its succession trend.[Result]The relative density of main forest layer for the community of A,B,C,D all were 100.00% and that of succession layer and update layer were 87.79% and 4.10% resp.The relative density of main forest layer for the community E was 8.10% and that of succession layer and update layer were 0.00%,resp.The relative density of main forest layer for the community F was 76.69% and that of succession layer and update layer were 12.53% and 10.78%,resp.[Conclusion]L.principis plantation on which there was no management interference or there was only thinning in long time showed an obvious succession tendency and still continued in the condition of the singleayer pure forest in the short term.The community whose surface litter were cleaned after thinning might develop into the main forest layer with the existing big trees of L.principisi.L.principis and few Betula platyphylla etc.which won the competition in succession and up-date layer might develop into the multiple layer uneven aged forest of subforest layer.L.principis plantation on which there was less interfer-ence should be develop into the multiple-layer uneven-aged mixing forest with L.principis as an advantage specie,B.platyphylla as an subadvantage specie and other broad-leave tree species as the accompanying species.