7LINTON D M, BEAN E, CRONJE C J, et al. Central venous catheterization for parenteral nutrition. Experience at Groote Schuur hospital[J]. S Afr Med J. 1983,64(110).351-354.
8刘俊,赵俊杰.现代麻醉学.2版.北京:人民出版社,1999:1 060-1 062
9Butterly,David W,Steve J. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension . 2000
10Beathard CA. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology . 1999