对船舶间“避碰协议”性质的分析

On Nature of Collision Avoidance Agreement between Ships

现通行的观点认为,船舶间通过VHF进行联系,达成了避让的"协议",分为"协议避碰"和"协议背离"两种情况。在实践中,时有因两船间的这种"协议"而导致了碰撞事故的发生,在分析和归责的过程中形成了两种不同的观点,导致了碰撞责任分析和分摊的巨大争议。通过对这些争议的分析,将其归纳为"承诺履行说"和"规则至上说"。根据长期的航海实践和对碰撞事故处理的实践,就如何理解这种船舶间协调避让一致的意见的性质,这种避让行为的协调在归责中的地位和作用如何等,进行了分析,表达一些不同的观点,以期达到正确理解和履行这种船舶间协调的意向,真正起到避免碰撞的积极作用。

From currently prevailing view point,agreement for collision avoidance reached between ships through VHF communication can be either ＂avoiding collision following rules＂ or ＂harmonized deviation from rules＂.In practice,when a collision accident happened between two ships due to the ＂agreement＂,there could be two different viewpoints in analysis of the accident and imputation,which leads to much controversy over the collision analysis and sharing responsibility.Analysis and induction of the disputes show that the cause is the divergence of principles： the principle of ＂promise to be undertaken＂ or the principle of ＂rules to be supreme＂.According to practice of long-period in navigation and handling collision accidents,the nature of coordination consensus between the ships about collision avoidance and the position and role of this avoidance behavior coordination in imputation are analyzed and some points of view are presented to straighten the understanding and implementing the coordination of ship＇s intentions and to really play a positive role for collision avoidance.