运动员心理疲劳的诱因与恢复

Inducement and Recovery of Athletes' Psychological Fatigue

运动员的心理疲劳由于大多数情况下是隐蔽的、渐进的,很容易被忽视,若出现深度的心理疲劳,不仅影响比赛成绩,甚至运动员的运动寿命。认为运动训练和比赛的复杂性与紧张性,训练内容的单调性,个性、情绪、注意品质等是引起运动性心理疲劳的主要因素。提出采用肌肉神经放松训练、注意营养补充,注意力转移、沉思练习,表象训练、情绪转移与情绪调控等方法促进运动员体力、脑力和心理恢复,避免深度的心理疲劳的产生,使运动员在训练和比赛中保持良好的心理优势和最佳竞技状态。

In most cases,athletes＇ psychological fatigue is hidden,gradual and easily ignored.Once a deep psychological fatigue happened,it will influence their competitive performance and even their athletic life.The paper thinks the main influencing factors on sports psychological fatigue relate to the complexity and intension of athletic training and competition,the monotony of training content,individuality,emotion and attention quality.For athletes＇ well mental superiority and optimal competitive condition being able to appear in training and competition,it suggests improving their physical power,mental power and psychological recovery against deep psychological fatigue by following methods： relaxing nervous muscle training,nutritive supplement,transferring attention and emotional self control.