传统民本思想的“间接民主”旨趣及其现代转换

Indirect Democracy in the Traditional People-oriented Thought and Its Modern Transition

传统民本思想不仅与民主有着密切的内在关联,而且还含有丰富的"间接民有"、"间接民享"、"间接民治"的间接民主旨趣。但是,传统民本思想所体现的间接民主旨趣,具有先天的局限,主要体现在:个体权利主体严重缺失、民众的机制性利益表达渠道十分欠缺、民众对君主监督制约机制虚置化。所以,我们需要实现对传统民本思想"间接民主"旨趣的现代转换。要实现从集体性权利主体向个体性权利主体的拓展;要完善外部输入机制,变民本思想"间接民主"旨趣的道德性提倡为制度性保障;加强权力监督机制建设,实现对权力的有效制约。

The traditional people-oriented thought has a close connection with democracy and is rich in its implications for indirect democracy including implications for the principles ＂of the people,by the people and for the people＂.However,the traditional people-oriented thought has its inherent limitations.First,there is the absence of individual subject of right.Second,the institutional channels for the public to express their interests are insufficient.Third,the mechanism of the mass supervision over the monarch is very weak.Consequently,we need to realize the modern transformation of the indirect democracy implication in the traditional people-oriented thought.To do this,it is necessary to achieve the transition from collective subject of right to individual subject of right,to perfect external input mechanism,and to shift from moral advocation in indirect democracy of the traditional people-oriented thought to institutional guarantee.At the same time,it is important to strengthen the power supervision mechanism in order to effectively restrict power.