朱子伦理思想与明清徽州商业伦理观的转换和建构

On Zhuzi's ethic thoughts and its influences on transformation and construction of the ethical ideas of Huizhou merchants in the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

朱子以理欲之辨为核心,在公私、义利和诚信及四民职业伦理问题上承继传统儒家伦理的核心价值观,对之做了系统的新阐发。它要求每个人践行儒家伦理道德,正确处理各层面的公私关系,实现儒家的理想人格,以建立一个儒家的理想社会。在秉承朱子之学和家礼的明清徽州,为了适应新的商业社会发展需要,人们以朱子伦理观为基础,同时吸收明清思想家重视个人主体精神、个人治生及"新四民观"等职业伦理思想,建构起一种新的商业伦理观。明清徽州以天理为旨归和价值目标,崇尚"勤俭治家"和"崇俭黜奢"的原则。在处理与家族、乡里、社会和国家等不同层面的公私关系时,践行朱子的公私之辨,以奉公和利公为原则与理想追求。秉承朱子义利观,将以义取利、以义制利和化利为义落实到经营和生活的诸多方面。徽商在经营中崇奉朱子的诚信观,以契约理性来规范商业经营。在看待士商(儒贾)关系及其职业伦理价值时,对朱子的职业伦理观既有突破,更有持守。

Zhuzi regarded distinguishing natural-principles and people＇s desires as the core,inherited the traditional Confucian ethics of core values in the aspects of public or private,justice and honesty and four professional ethical issues people,and made a system of new exposition,wished to build a Confucian＇s ideal society.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the people of Huizhou observed Zhuzi＇s ethics thoughts,regarded natural-principles tenet and value goal,the advocated ＂managing the household industriously and thriftily＂.In dealing with family,village,society and state in such aspects as public-private relations,practicing Zhuzi＇s public or private,they regarded the principle of being helpful for public as the male principle of morality and ideal pursue.Adhering to the Zhuxi＇s view,they carried out business and many aspects of life.Huizhou merchants observed Zhuzi＇s views of honesty,regulated commercial operation by reason of the agreement.In thinking and practicing relations and professional ethical value of Confucian and merchants,they inherited Zhuzi＇s thoughts,also developed Zhuzi＇s thoughts.