山东近海生态资本价值评估——供给服务价值

Valuation of ecological capital in Shandong coastal waters: provisioning service value

海洋生态资本是沿海地区社会经济活动的重要生产要素,供给服务价值是海洋生态资本价值的关键构成要素之一。选择养殖生产、捕捞生产和氧气生产3个指标,分别采用市场价格法和替代成本法对山东近海生态系统提供的供给服务价值进行了评估,并揭示山东近海供给服务价值的空间分布规律。山东近海3.16万km2的海域,2008年产出的供给服务价值为574.1亿元,占全省沿海地级市生产总值的3.62%。其中,养殖生产价值452.86亿元,捕捞生产价值66.02亿元,氧气生产价值55.23亿元。山东沿海7个地级市比较,威海和烟台近海的供给服务价值最高,分别为180亿元和169.13亿元;其次是青岛近海,为103.58亿元;滨州、潍坊、日照和东营近海较低且相差不大。山东近海生态系统供给服务价值的分布密度平均为167.7万元/km2。供给服务价值的高值区集中分布于青岛和日照近海,中值区主要分布于威海和烟台近海,滨州、东营和潍坊近海的分布密度较低。山东近海生态系统供给服务价值空间分布遵守从近岸向外海总体降低的规律,有养殖区分布的局部海域,供给服务价值较高。山东近海供给服务与调节服务、支持服务存在正相关的关系,养殖生产、捕捞生产、氧气生产3项服务之间也存在互相促进的关系。山东近海供给服务价值,尤其是养殖生产对山东沿海经济发展有着重要的支撑作用。

Marine ecological capital is one of the important factors of social and economic activities in coastal areas.The value of marine ecological capital includes both the standing stock value of marine ecological resources and the value of marine ecosystem services.The value of marine ecosystem services consists of four elements： provisioning service value,regulating service value,cultural service value,and supporting service value.Provisioning service is defined as production provided from a marine ecosystem in mass form.The value of provisioning services is one of the key constituents of marine ecological capital value.This paper selected three indicators,maricultural production,fishing production,and oxygen production to estimate the monetary value of provisioning services provided by Shandong coastal ecosystem in the western Yellow Sea.The market-price method was used to value maricultural and fishing production;while the replacement-cost method was applied to value oxygen production. In 2008,the total estimated value of provisioning services was 54.71 billion CNY（1USD=6.5CNY） in 31584 km2 coastal waters of Shandong.Among three elements of provisioning services,the maricultural production made a major contribution in terms of highest production service value at 45.29 billion CNY,about 78.88% of the total provisioning services value.Fishing production value was 6.60 billion CNY,and oxygen production value was 5.52 billion CNY. Among the seven coastal cities of Shandong province,the provisioning services value of the coastal waters surrounding the cities of Weihai,Yantai,and Qingdao had higher value than the other four cities.The provisioning services value of these areas accounted for 31.5%,29.5%,and 18%,respectively,of the total value of all the coastal waters in Shandong province.The value of provisioning services in Binzhou,Dongying,Rizhao,and Weifang coastal waters were 6.77%,6.64%,4.45%,and 3.17%,respectively. The spatial density of provisioning services value of Shandong coastal waters averaged 1.68 million CNY/km2.The spatial density of provisioning services value in the area showed two key characteristics： 1） from onshore to open sea there existed a generally decreasing trend and 2） maricultural areas showed a higher provisioning services value compared with the other areas without mariculture.Among seven coastal cities,Qingdao and Rizhao cities showed higher density of provisioning services value in their coastal waters.While Weihai and Yantai showed medium density,and Binzhou,Weifang and Dongying were at lower levels density. Statistical analysis showed that maricultural production,fishing production and oxygen production are significantly positively correlated.This result suggests that these services rely on and stimulate each other.They all depend on phytoplankton′s primary production either directly or indirectly through food chain interaction.The study also discovered a positive relationship between provisioning services and regulating services of Shandong coastal waters.Both depend on the same supporting process,such as the primary production of phytoplankton.The provisioning services and supporting services were also highly relative,indicating that coastal areas with high biodiversity usually carry abundant food supply and rich habitat which supports the intensive production of the economy. The provisioning services of Shandong coastal waters,especially maricultural production,have been greatly contributing to the economic development of Shandong′s coastal area.