东北地区23种杂草对多环芳烃超积累特性研究

Characteristics of 23 Species of Weed in Northeast of China Hyperaccumulating PAHs in Contaminated Soils

采用盆栽试验的方法研究了东北地区23种杂草对土壤中多环芳烃(菲)的积累特性.结果表明,在这23种杂草中,东北蒲公英、委陵菜和白屈菜地上部富集系数均大于1,分别为1.01、4.98、38.24,且地上部菲含量分别为15.18、74.70和573.62 mg/kg,均高于根部的菲含量(分别为2.83、16.34和9.66 mg/kg),白屈菜尤为突出,其位移系数高达59.75.3种植物均具有很强的从根部向地上部运输菲的能力,符合超富集植物的基本特征.杂草植物地上部菲含量与地上部生物量的分析表明,这些植物对菲的积累量与植物地上部生物量的大小无关.这些结果说明,东北蒲公英、委陵菜和白屈菜这3种杂草对菲表现出超积累的特性,筛选出菲富集能力强且地上部生物量大的植物是可行的.

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the 23 species of weed accumulation characteristics of phenanthrene,as a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）,from soil in the northeast of China.The result indicated that among the 23 species,the bioconcentration factors of Taraxacum ohwianum K.,Potentilla aiscolor B.and Chelidonium majus L.were all higher than 1,which were 1.01,4.98,38.24 respectively.The phenanthrene concentrations in roots were 2.83,16.34 and 9.66 mg/kg which were lower than those in aboveground part with phenanthrene concentrations were 15.18,74.70 and 573.62 mg/kg,respectively.The hyperaccumulators were indicated by strong conveyance of phenanthrene from root to aboveground part.The analysis of phenanthrene concentration in aboveground weed and aboveground plant biomass showed that the accumulation of phenanthrene in plant were not correlated with their biomass.It concluded that Taraxacum ohwianum K.,Potentilla aiscolor B.and Chelidonium majus L.had hyperaccumulative characteristics of phenanthrene,and it is possible to screen out plants with high biomass and hyperaccumulation capability.