苏颂水运仪象台的“尺寸”论证

The Measurement Proof of Su Song's Astronomical Clock Tower

考察从东汉至明代的现存六座历史天文文物,得出其天文尺值为1尺=24.5cm,这便是中国历代八尺高表测影和制造天文仪器的长度标准,该值从东汉至明末基本保持不变。从而把北宋苏颂水运仪象台的高度(35.65—36尺)定为873—882cm之间,宽度(21尺)为514.5cm,其他部件的尺寸也依此类推。这是对王振铎及后来国内外许多研制者把水运仪象台的高度和宽度分别定为11—12米和7米的重大校正和更改。

This paper demonstrates the scale value of six historical astronomical relics ranging from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty： 1 ＂Chi＂（ancient Chinese ＂尺＂）=24.5cm,the standard measurement in manufacture of astronomical instruments and eight ＂chi＂ high gnomon surveying shadow in Chinese history,which remained unchanged for 1500 years from the Eastern Han dynasty to the late Ming dynasty,thereby,the height（35.65—36 ＂chi＂） and width（21 ＂chi＂） of Su Song＇s astronomical clock-tower in the Northern Song Dynasty has been set to the height（873—882 cm） and width（514.5 cm） correspondingly as well as the other parts which were determined by the criteria.This is a major revision and correction of the standard measurement for height（11—12 meters） and width（7 meters） of the astronomical clock tower restored by Wang Zhenduo in 1957 and later by many researchers and manufacturers at home and abroad.