公共危机管理失灵的衍生机理及化解路径

Failure of Public Crisis Management Mechanism and Resolutions

风险社会形态下的频发公共危机打破了政府常态的公共管理秩序,而要对频发公共危机进行有效治理就必须树立"偶发危机"和"过程危机"的二分思维。在这一危机二分思维的逻辑指引下,政府的公共危机治理往往能切中要害、进退有序。"过程危机"与"偶发危机"相比,前者可以把系统的危机发展趋势与系统的特征联系起来,不必把危机看成是偶然发生的灾难性事件,同时它也更侧重于研究由于系统本身所引起的危机。基于这一思维革新,"过程危机"治理就必须将公共危机治理更多落实到政府体制、市场体制和社会体制的创新上。无论是政府体制创新,还是市场体制和社会体制创新都存在巨大的复杂性,难以一蹴而就。面对体制变革的滞后性,就必须针对"偶发危机"特性进行相应的基本机制建构,主要包括:预警机制、合作机制和沟通机制。

In a Risk Society,the frequent public crises often disrupt the normal order of the government＇s public administration whereas when we want to take effective management to check such public crisis,we must establish the dichotomy of ＂sporadic crisis＂ and ＂procession crisis＂.Under the guidance of the dichotomy of the crisis logic of thinking,the government＇s public crisis administration can often hit the ＂bull of the eye＂ and act calmly and in good order.Compared with ＂sporadic crisis＂,the procession crisis can connect the trend of crisis development and the characteristics of the system.Crises should not be regarded as occasional catastrophic events,and they focuses more on the study of the crises caused by the system itself,instead of by external causes outside the system.Based on this thinking,we must focus the governance of ＂the process of crisis＂ on the innovation of the government system,the market system and social system innovation.There exists a great complexity in innovation,either in terms of government system,or in terms of the market system and social system,and it＇s difficult to realize it overnight.In front of lagging behind in the institutional change,it is necessary to construct the corresponding basic mechanisms of the characteristics of the ＂sporadic crises＂,which mainly includes early warning mechanisms,cooperation mechanism and communication mechanism.