尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝演化规律试验研究

Experimental Study on Evolution Law of Tailings Dam Flood Overtopping

为分析尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝的演化规律,采用物理模型试验方法建立尾矿库漫顶溃坝演化模型。在自主研制的尾矿库溃坝模拟试验平台上,以国内某尾矿库为研究对象,基于非恒定水流泥沙非平衡非饱和冲刷机理,根据模型相似理论和溃决侵蚀模型原理,模拟尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝过程,建立尾矿库漫顶溃坝演化模型。试验结果表明,尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝位移与坝体饱和程度有关,坝体浸润线越高,尾矿库溃坝时滑动位移越大,溃口破坏程度取决于溢流对坝体的冲刷侵蚀作用;在该试验条件下,获得尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝过程中坝体位移、浸润线高度、溃口最大流速和溃口的演化规律。降低坝体浸润线高度、增大安全干滩长度、铺设坝面引流明渠等措施有助于减少尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝的灾害破坏。

To analyze the tailings dam failure evolution pattern,a tailings dam overtopping evolution model was studied based on physical model experiment method.With a certain tailing dam as the research object,based on non-constant unsaturated flow and sediment erosion mechanism of non-equilibrium theory,and according to the model similarity theory and dam breach erosion model,the tailings dam overtopping breach evolution pattern was investigated on a self-developed tailings dam breaking simulation platform.The results show that the dam displacements depend on the dam saturation degree during tailings dam flood overtopping failure.The higher the saturation line is,the larger the sliding displacements are.The dam failure extent is related with the overflow breach erosion.In this experimental condition,the dam displacements,saturation line height,the maximum flow and the dam break evolutions were presented.Decreasing the saturation line height,increasing the dry beach length,setting up dam surface drainage channels and other measures can help reduce the tailings dam flood overtopping failure disaster.