贝壳珍珠层及其仿生材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Nacre and Biomimetic Synthesis of Nacre-like Materials

贝壳珍珠层是一种天然的有机-无机层状复合材料,其独特的多尺度、多级次"砖-泥"组装结构赋予其优异的机械性能.受贝壳珍珠层启发,人们已利用不同方法制备了一系列仿生高强超韧层状复合材料,这些材料在航空航天、军事、民用工程及机械等领域表现出广阔的应用前景.本文就贝壳珍珠层的结构及增韧机制和近年来仿贝壳材料的制备方法及其研究进展进行了综述,并提出一些看法和思考.

Biomimetic design principles provide new methods and approaches to create new materials.Learning from nature will give us important inspiration to develop new methods to construct artificial advanced materials.Nacre is a kind of natural organic-inorganic hybrid hierarchical biological composite material.Its unique ＂bricks-mortar＂ assembly structure in a hierarchical fashion gives it extraordinary mechanical properties.Inspired by the nacre,many domestic and foreign research groups have synthesized a series of nacre-like or related composites using different methods,which has great potential application in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics,military,civil engineering and machinery etc.This paper reviews the structure and the toughening mechanisms of nacre,the imitation of nacre-like materials of different preparation methods in recent years,and some opinions and ideas are put forward.