实时交通信息诱导下的出行模式及效益评价

Traffic pattern under the guidance of real time traffic information and traffic information benefit evaluation

以往针对交通出行信息系统的研究主要集中在静态交通网络上,而很少研究实时出行信息诱导下驾驶员的动态行为反应.该文研究交通信息诱导下驾驶员的动态行为反应和交通网络上的非均衡交通演化,并在此基础上评价了出行信息系统的效益.首先建立了3种情况下的交通出行行为:正常交通情况下驾驶员的路径和出发时间选择行为;交通事故发生后驾驶员在没有出行信息情况下的交通出行行为;交通事故发生后驾驶员在实时出行信息系统诱导下的交通出行行为.通过比较这3种情况下交通系统总体行程费用,可以求得出行信息系统带来的出行成本变化,即出行信息系统的效益.研究发现,当交通事故性质严重、出事地点通行能力下降较大时,出行信息系统可以在很大程度上缓解交通网络拥挤、降低系统出行费用;而当交通事故性质较轻、出事地点通行能力下降较小时,出行信息系统不仅不能缓解交通网络拥挤,反而会增加系统出行费用.这表明出行信息系统并不总是对交通系统有利的,发布出行信息应视具体情况而定.

In the past,the research of traffic information system is mainly carried out in static transportation networks,and the dynamic behavior of travelers under the guidance of real time traffic information is rarely studied.In this paper,the dynamic reaction of travelers and the non-equilibrium traffic evolution in transportation networks under the guidance of traffic information are studied,based on which the benefit of traffic information is evaluated.Firstly,we investigate three kinds of travel behaviors： simultaneous departure time and route choices of drivers in normal traffic condition,travel behavior of drivers without traffic information after a traffic accidents occurring,and travel behavior of drivers with real time traffic information guidance after a traffic accidents occurring.By comparing the total travel costs in the three situations,the change of the total travel cost or the benefit of traffic information can be calculated.It is found that traffic information system can mitigate traffic congestion of networks substantially,if the traffic accident is severe and road capacity drops heavily.However,if the traffic accident is light and road capacity drops slightly,providing traffic information will make transportation system worse off,and it will resut in the increase of total travel cost.This implies that traffic information is not always good to transportation system,and it should be provided cautiously.