贵州不同气候油菜秆腐烂后微生物群落组成及其多样性

Composition and Diversity of Microbial Community of Rotted Rapeseed Stalk in Different Climatic Areas in Guizhou

为给贵州山区秸秆饲料发酵生产实践提供技术依据,采集贵州4个不同气候区长期堆放自然腐烂的油菜秸秆,用微生物培养法研究了不同气候类型对降解微生物数量、种类及群落多样性的影响。结果表明:微生物三大类群细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量差异较大,细菌总数>放线菌总数>真菌总数。Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数在赤水、贵阳两区最高,毕节、铜仁较低。在某种程度上说明赤水、贵阳两区域的生境条件较好,适宜于大多数降解真菌的生长;铜仁、毕节多样性指数偏低,说明这些区域的生境条件较差,不适宜大多数降解真菌的生长。因此,今后对秸秆降解菌的筛选可考虑从赤水、贵阳区域着手。

The natural rotted rapeseed stalks from four different climatic areas were cultured by microbial culture method to study the effects of different climatic types on amount,type and community diversity of microbes for straw degradation and to provide the scientific basis for fermentation production of straw forage in Guizhou.The results showed that there was obvious difference in quantity among three microbes,and total bacterium amount total actinomycetes amount total fungus amount.The analysis results of degradation microbial community diversity showed that the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indexes were the highest in Chishui and Guiyang regions and were the lowest in Bijie and Tongren regions,which indicates that Chishui and Guiyang regions with good habitat condition are suitable to growth of most degradation fungi,and Bijie and Tongren regions with poor habitat condition are not suitable to growth of most degradation fungi.Therefore,microbial screening for straw degradation should be conducted in Chishui and Guiyang regions.