天山北坡5种天然牧草生长发育及气象条件分析

Analysis on Growth and Development of Natural Herbages and their Meteorological Conditions in Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains

应用乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站2004-2009年的气象和牧草资料,对位于天山北坡中山带的5种天然牧草生长发育和气象条件进行了分析。结果表明,牧草平均返青期在4月15日,豆科牧草开花期、枯黄期比其他牧草早6～20 d;牧草产量和高度变化在整个生育期间呈单峰曲线;几种牧草对总产量的贡献率大小顺序为:老芒麦>早熟禾>草原老鹳草>黄芪>千叶蓍;牧草返青至抽穗期日平均气温在8～18℃,降水量达到或超过160 mm的年份牧草长势良好;返青到抽穗期是牧草生长需水关键期;出苗后牧草生长对温度条件的要求越来越高,尤其是抽穗到成熟期间,需要日平均气温在15℃以上。日平均气温≥15℃的持续天数长短对牧草产量的影响非常明显。

Growth and development of five natural herbages and their meteorological conditions in northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were analyzed according to field experiment results and meteorological data in Animal Husbandry Meteorological Experiment Station of Urumqi for 2004-2009.The results showed that the average reviving stage of natural herbages was on April 15th.The anthesis and withering stages of legume herbage were 6-20 days earlier than those of other herbages.The variation of yield and height of herbages had one peak curve during the whole growth and development.The order from high to low yield of herbages was as follows：Elymus sibiricusPoa annuaGeranium pretenspratenseAstragalus hoantchy Achillea millefolium.The mean diurnal air temperature was 8~18 ℃ from reviving to heading period,and when precipitation reached or over 160 mm reviving,herbages were grown well.The reviving to heading period was key water requirement one for herbages.After seedling,the herbage required temperature conditions to be higher and higher,especially the mean diurnal temperature above 15 ℃ was required from heading to maturity stage;The duration of mean diurnal temperature above 15 ℃ had significant effect on the yield of herbage.