18种苔草属植物种子生物学特性的比较

Biological characteristics of 18 species seeds of Carex genera

对从北京山区采集及外地引种驯化的扁杆苔草(Carex planiculmis)、尖嘴苔草(C.leiorhyncha)、披针苔草(C.lanceolata)、青绿苔草(C.breviculmis)、涝峪苔草(C.giraldiana)等18种苔草种子的形态特征、千粒重、发芽率进行研究。结果表明,18种苔草种子形态特征、千粒重、发芽率差异较大。翼果苔草(C.neurocarpa)、溪水苔草(C.forficula)、疏穗苔草(C.remotiuscula)种子明显小于其他种子,涝峪苔草种子体积最大,千粒重最高,达3.3g;KT种子较大,发芽率最高,达94%;长嘴苔草(C.longerostrata)始发芽时间最早,但其持续发芽时间最长,发芽率63%;短鳞苔草(C.augustinowiczii)始发芽时间较早,持续发芽时间较短,但其发芽率较低;涝峪苔草、披针苔草、脚苔草(C.pediformis)、尖嘴苔草发芽率较高,均超过55%,但持续发芽时间较长;麻根苔草(C.arnellii)始终未发芽,异鳞苔草(C.heterolepis)、溪水苔草分别在第25天、第46天发芽后,发芽数一直没有增加,发芽极其困难。本研究结果可为鉴别苔草种类提供科学依据,并为研究种子的萌发特性、选育优良苔草种质资源、提高推广应用力度提供基础资料。

An experiment was conducted to compare the biological characteristics of 18 species seeds of Carex genera growing at the Beijing mountain area, including introduction and domestication. The morphological characteristics, 1 000-seed weight, germination rate were used to estimate Carex planiculrni, C. leiorhyncha, C. lanceolata, C. breviculmis, C. giraldiana, C. neurocarpa, C. heterolepis, C. arnelli, C. hancockiana, C. heterostachya, C. rigescen, C. jaluensis, C. remotiuscula, C. forficula, C. pediformis, C. pediformisect, and KT （Carex spp. ）. This study showed that difference in morpho- logical characteristics, 1 00Q-seeds weight, and germination rate was found among 18 species. The smal- lest seeds were C. neurocarpa, C. forficula and C. rernotiuscula, and the biggest one was C. giraldiana with 3.3 g 1 000-seed weight. The germination rate of KT, C. giraldiana, C. lanceolata and LY6 was 94%, 74%, 74% and 63%, respectively. The germination index of KT, C. leiorhyncha, LY6 and C. lanceolata was 90.27, 56.61, 48.71 and 48.11, respectively. The germination rate of C. hancockiana and C. jaluensis, C. forficula and C. heterolepis was 4%, 2%, 2% and 0.67%, respectively. The seeds of C. arnellii did not germinate during experimental period, and these results would not only provide scientific and basic information for identifying the C. species, understanding the germination characteristics of seeds, selecting good C. germplasm, and extending C. resource.