典型草原区3种牧草生育规律及物候期气象指标

The growth rhythm and meteorological index of phonological phase of three kinds of forage grass in the typical steppe regions

为了解典型草原区天然牧草生长发育规律,根据锡林浩特国家气候观象台多年牧草观测资料,运用统计学原理、物候学方法对典型草原区克氏针茅(Stipa kryloyii)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)3种牧草生育规律及物候期气象指标进行了研究。结果表明,3种牧草生长季高度与盖度、产量变化趋势一致,8月末牧草高度、盖度、产量同时达最高值。返青期在4月下旬至5月初,成熟期在8月中旬至9月上旬,抽穗期牧草生长速率最快,各物候期与40cm日平均地温存在显著的相关性。牧草生长发育有着自身的生物学特性,生态环境的变化制约着牧草的生长发育规律。

To understand the growth rhythm of natural forage grass growing at the typical steppe regions, the observational data from the Xilinhot national climate observatory for many years were used to describe the growth rhythm and meteorological index of phenological phase of Stipa kryloyii, Leyrnus chinensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa by statistical principle. This study showed that the height, cover, and yield of three kinds of grass at growing season showed a similar trend, peaking at the late August. Regreen time was from late April to early May, and seed mature was from middle August to early September. The fastest growth rate of herbage was found at heading period. The phenophase was significantly related to daily average geothermal temperature at 40 cm. Herbage growth showed an own growth rhythm and ecological environment changes restricted this growth rhythm.