液化石油气站储罐区火灾爆炸危险性分析与安全措施

Hazard analysis and safety measures of fire and explosion in the area of liquefied petroleum gas storage tank

选择具体的液化石油气储配站,分析了该站的危险特性、危险产生的途径及可能造成的后果。在没有任何防护措施的情况下,采用蒸气云爆炸和沸腾液体扩展蒸气云爆炸模型,对该站一个50m3储罐发生泄漏造成的火灾爆炸事故后果进行预测,得出火灾爆炸后的安全距离为大于211.0m。在储配站不能满足此安全距离的基础之上,从防止产生爆炸性气体环境、消除点火源和抑制事故扩大三方面来提出有效的安全措施,降低事故发生的概率及事故造成的损失。其中,站址选在全年最小频率风向的上风侧且周围空旷的地区,罐上设置液位计、压力表、温度计及可燃气体报警器可防止产生爆炸性气体环境;罐及管道设静电接地,法兰用铜线跨接,站内设警示标志可消除点火源;生产区与辅助区间设置隔离墙,罐区周围设置砖混围堤,罐上设安全阀可抑制火灾爆炸事故扩大。

In this paper a specific liquefied petroleum gas （LPG）storage and distribution station was taken for exam- ple, the risk characteristics, the ways of occurrence and possible consequences of the station were analyzed. In the absence of any protective measures, using vapor cloud explosion and boiling liquid expanding vapor cloud explosion model, the consequences of fire and explosion caused by a 50m3 storage tank leakage were predicted, it was obtained that a safe distance was greater than 211.0m after the fire and explosion. In the situation that the station can not meet that safe distance, the following three effective security measures, preventing producing explosive gases environment, eliminating sources of ignition and suppression incidents to expand, were used to reduce the probability of the acci- dent and the damage caused by the accident. Among them, smallest frequency of wind direction and the surrounding area station site should be at the windward side of annual was open. Level gauge, pressure gauge, thermometer and combustible gas alarm should be set on the tank to prevent explosive gas environment; electrostatic grounding should be set on tanks and pipes, flange should be with copper line jumper, inside the station warning signs should be set to eliminate ignition sources; separation wall should be set between production area and auxiliary area, brick border dike should be set around the tanks, safety valve should be set on tanks to inhibit the expansion of fire and explosion accident.