汉语“挖掘”义动词的历时演变

The Diachronic Evolution of the Meaning of Chinese Verb "Wa Jue"

在汉语词汇史上,"掘"、"凿"、"穿"、"抇"、"搰"、"挑"、"撅"、"挖"均表达过"挖掘"义,只是在不同的历史时期,各有其消长变化特点。先秦"掘"字鼎盛,"凿"、"穿"、"抇"初兴;两汉至唐宋"掘"、"凿"、"穿"并驾齐驱,元末明初"穿"、"凿"淡出此义,"掘"字独占鳌头。明清之际,"挖"字兴起,并迅速一统天下,成为表"挖掘"义的专用动词。

In the history of the Chinese vocabulary,＂wa＂,＂zao＂,＂chuan＂,＂hu＂,＂hu＂,＂tiao＂,＂jue＂,＂wa＂ all have ever expressed the meaning of ＂wa jue＂,except that there were some characteristics of growth and decline in different historic periods.In Qin dynasty,＂jue＂ flourished,and ＂zao＂,＂chuan＂,and ＂hu＂ prospered for the first time;From the two Han dynasties to Tang and Song dynasties,＂jue＂,＂zao＂,＂chuan＂,were used together at the same time;at the end of Yuan dynasty and at the beginning of Ming dynasty,＂chaun＂ and ＂zao＂ faded out of this meaning.During the dynasties of Ming and Qing,＂wa＂ sprung up and became popular all over the country and became the proper verb meaning ＂wa jue＂.