7～12岁儿童抑制能力发展的Stroop效应研究

The development of inhibitory ability on 7- to 12-year-old children： a stroop study

目的抑制能力在个体发展中起重要作用，且与智力及其他认知能力有密切关系，本研究旨在探讨7～12岁儿童抑制能力的发展规律。方法整班选取某小学7～12岁儿童共187名，分为7～8岁、9～10岁和11～12岁3个年龄组，用Stroop色词测验在计算机上进行抑制能力测查，记录被试的反应时和正确率。结果所有儿童在一致条件下的反应时[（743．16±227．20）ms]均短于不一致条件[（801．88±344．05）ms][F（1，181）=7．29，P〈0．01]；一致条件下的正确率（0．94±0．11）高于不一致条件（0．90±0．13）[F（1，181）=28．41，P〈0．01]。7～8岁组儿童反应时差[（117．81±396．68）ms]显著长于9～10岁组儿童[（24．70±177．65）ms]（P〈0．05）；9～10岁组儿童和11～12岁组儿童[（32．44±120．07）ms]在反应时上的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。性别主效应不显著[F（1，181）=1．69，P〉0．05]。结论7～12岁儿童抑制能力随着年龄增长而提高，9～12岁儿童的抑制能力达到稳定，儿童的抑制能力没有性别优势。

Objective Inhibitory ability plays an important role in individuals＂ development process, h has close relationship with intelligence and other cognitive ability. This study aims to explore the development of inhibitory ability on 7- to 12-year-old children. Methods A sample of 187 children aged from 7 to 12 were divided into three age-groups ： 7- to 8-year-old, 9- to 10-year-old and 11 -to 12-year-old. They performed the Stroop Color and Word Test and their reaction time and accuracy were recorded. Results Compared with incongruent trials （（801.88±344.05 ）ms）, the reaction time on congruent trials （（ 743. 16 ± 227.20ms） of all the children was shorter （ F （ 1,181 ） = 7.29, P 〈 0.01 ）. The accuracy of congruent trials （ 0.94 ± 0.11 ） was higher than that of incongruent trials （0.90± 0.13 ） （F （ 1,181 ） = 28.41, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The reaction time difference of 7- to 8-year-old children （117.81 ± 396.68 ）ms was longer than that of 9- to 10-year-old children （（ 24.70± 177.65 ）ms） （P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between the reaction time of difference 9- to 10-year-old children and 11 - to 12-year-old children （ （ 32.44 ± 120.07 ） ms） （P 〉 0.05 ）. The gender effect was not significant （F （ 1,181 ） = 1.69, P〉0.05 ）. Conclusion The inhibitory ability increases from 7 to 12-year-old. The ability of 9-to 12- year-old children is reasonably stable. There is no gender effect on ehildren＇s inhibitory ability.