军校新生急性应激反应的相关因素研究

A study of the related factors about acute stress responses of the military freshmen

目的分析军校新生急性应激反应的相关因素，构建自我效能感、社会支持、应对方式、状态焦虑、特质焦虑与急性应激反应之间的路径模型。方法采用一般自我效能感量表（GSES），领悟社会支持量表（PSSS），应对方式问卷，状态一特质焦虑问卷（STAI），急性应激反应量表（ASRS），对584名军校新生进行抽样调查。结果①急性应激反应量表各因子得分较低，其中认知改变较重[（0．21±0．21）分]，病理改变较轻[（0．053±0．114）分]。②急性应激反应与自我效能感、社会支持及积极应对、消极应对、状态焦虑和特质焦虑显著相关（P〈0．01）。③消极应对（路径系数=0．130）、状态焦虑（路径系数=0．002）和特质焦虑（路径系数=0．005）直接影响新生的急性应激反应，同时，自我效能感（路径系数=-1．292）通过状态焦虑间接影响急性应激反应，自我效能感（路径系数=-7．465）以及社会支持（路径系数=-0．294）都通过特质焦虑间接影响急性应激反应。结论军校新生急性应激反应受消极应对、特质焦虑和状态焦虑的直接影响，其中消极应对方式是导致急性应激反应的最主要原因。

Objective To explore the related factors about acute stress responses of the military freshmen ,then built a path model among self-efficacy, social support, coping style, state-trait anxiety and acute stress responses. Methods 584 students were tested by General Self-efficacy Scale （GSES）, Perceived Social Support Scale （ PSSS ）, Coping Styles Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI） and Acute Stress Response Scale （ASRS）. Results （1）The military freshmen in each factor of acute stress response got a lower score ,especially the mean score of the changes of cognition was higher （0.21 ± 0.21 ） , compared with the other factors, and the changes of pathology （0.053 ± 0.114） was lower. （2）There were significant correlations between self-efficacy, social support,positive coping,negative coping, state anxiety, trait anxiety and acute stress responses （P 〈 0.01 ）. （3） Negative coping（ r = 0.130 ）, trait anxiety （ r = 0. 005 ） and state anxiety （ r = 0. 002 ） influenced ASR directly, meanwhile, serf-efficacy （ r = - 1. 292） influenced ASR through the state anxiety indirectly, self-efficacy （ r = - 7. 465 ） and social support （ r = - 0. 294 ） influenced ASR indirectly through trait anxiety. Conclusion Acute stress responses of the military freshmen were directly influenced by negative coping and state-trait anxiety, and negative coping style was the main reason.