2010年两次强沙尘暴期间地面气象要素变化对比分析

Contrast analysis of surface meteorological element during twice powerful sandstorm processes in 2010

利用沙尘暴发生前后格尔木基准站自动气象站记录的每分钟地面气象要素和常规气象观测资料,对2010年5月14日和7月5日发生在青海格尔木的两次强沙尘暴期间地面气象要素变化进行了对比分析。结果表明:1)两次沙尘暴发生前相对湿度都比较小,气压都在下降,但是相对湿度和极大风速都呈波动式波动,在沙尘暴发生后,气压和相对湿度都突增,极大风速先急剧增加到最大,然后又急剧下降。2)前者气温在沙尘暴发生前和5cm地温的变化趋势比较一致,但是0cm地温在沙尘暴发生前波动变化幅度较大;后者0cm、5cm地温与气温变化趋势都比较一致。3)由于下垫面性质的差异,沙尘暴要素的反映显著。

According to the surface automatic meteorological observing element per minute data during sandstorm process in Geermu base station and the conventional observation data,we analyzed the twice sandstorm cases of weather events occurred in the Geermu area of QingHai Province on May 14 and on Ju1y 5 of 2010.The results showed that：①The surface humidities were relatively small and the barometer pressures were falling before sandstorms.In the events barometer depressions and surface humidity suddenly grew,wind speeds showed a dramatic increase in the first and then dropped sharply.②For the first sandstorm before it occurred the surface temperature and 5 cm depth earth temperature change tendencies were quite consistent.But in the latter not only the 0 cm depth of earth temperature but the 5cm depth of earth temperature variation were consistented with surface air temperature change tendency.③Owning to the difference of the surface characters in different seasons,the sandstorm elements reflected difference.