2000—2009年福建省泉州市鼠疫宿主动物及媒介昆虫监测分析

Analysis of monitoring results on plague＇s host animal and its medium insects in Quanzhou city of Fujian province between 2000 and 2009

目的了解福建省泉州市鼠疫宿主动物及媒介的种群构成及数量分布情况，为鼠疫防治工作积累基础资料。方法2000—2009年在泉州市6个监测点采用笼日法捕鼠，并对捕获鼠类及检获蚤类进行鉴定：取鼠肝和脾匀浆，采用反向间接血凝试验（RIHA法）检测鼠疫F1抗原；取鼠血清，采用间接血凝试验（IHA法）检测鼠疫F1抗体。结果2000—2009年共捕获鼠形动物26264只，鼠种以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为主，分别占45．97％（12074／26264）和32．01％（8407／26264）。2005—2009年捕获的鼠类中黄胸鼠占（26．99±2．46）％，2000—2004年占（37．03±3．79）％，两者比较差异有统计学意义（t=4．97，P〈0．05）。2000—2009年总鼠密度为（6．86±1．44）％，其中山区和沿海地区鼠密度分别为（5．36±1．83）％、（6．81±1．66）％，两者比较差异无统计学意义（f=1．01，P〉0．05）。2000—2009年鼠体总蚤指数为1．39±0．34，染蚤率为（35．90±5．34）％，印鼠客蚤指数为1．20，游离蚤指数为0．009；2005—2009年染蚤率为（32．36±0．96）％，明显低于2000—2004年（39．44±0．39）％，t=2．76，P〈0．05]。结论褐家鼠为泉装箱单市主要鼠种，主要蚤种是印鼠客蚤．尚未发现鼠间鼠疫流行迹象。

Objective To examine the composition and distribution of animal reservoir of plague in Quanzhou city, Fujian province, and so as to accumulate basic data for making the plague prevention and control measures. Methods Rodents were captured by cages in six monitoring spots of Quanzhou city between 2000 and 2009. Then rodents and flea species were identified. Rats liver and spleen homogenates were detected of plague F1 antigen by reverse indirect hemagglutination test （RIHA） ; rats serum were detected of plague F1 antibody by indirect hemagglutination test （IHA）. Results A total of 26 264 rodents were captured between 2000 and 2009. Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus were dominant species, which were accounted for 45.97% （12 074/26 264） and 32.01%（8407/26 264）, respectively. The account of Rattus flavipectus captured between 2005 and 2009 was （26.99 ± 2.46）% and （37.03 ± 3.79）% between 2000 and 2004. The difference was statistically significant （t = 4.97, P 〈 0.05）. Total rodent densities was （6.86 ± 1.44）%, including（5.36 ± 1.83）% in mountains and （6.81 ± 1.66）% in coastal areas, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant（t = 1.01, P 〉 0.05）. Total flea index and flea infection rate of rodents were 1.39 ±0.34 and （35.90 ± 5.34）%, respectively. Xenopsylla Cheopis index was 1.20 and free flea index was 0.009. Flea infection rate was （32.36 ±0.96）% between 2005 and 2009, which was lower than （39.44 ±0.39）% between 2000 and 2004（t = 2.76, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The major rodent species found in Quanzhou city is Rattus norvegicus. Xenopsylla Cheopis is the dominant flea species. Spreading of plague among Rattus is not found.