结扎家兔胸导管诱发肝组织结构和功能的变化

Effects of blocking the thoracic duct on the liver tissues of the rabbit

目的探讨胸导管结扎对肝组织结构和功能的影响。方法选用10月龄家兔30只,随机分为两组(模型组20只和对照组10只)。模型组家兔在膈脚处结扎胸导管,对照组家兔只是暴露胸导管,未结扎。对模型组和对照组的动物,取部分肝组织HE染色进行光镜观察,取部分肝组织制作电镜切片并观察;术前和术后6个月的实验动物,穿刺股静脉取血以检测肝功能。结果肝功能结果显示,模型组家兔的总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素升高,总蛋白降低,清蛋白降低,球蛋白升高,谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高,和对照组相比其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HE光镜观察模型组肝细胞内有大的脂滴,肝实质呈灶性、带状甚至整个肝小叶坏死。超薄组织切片透射电镜观察模型组,肝细胞内可见大小不等的脂滴,有的脂滴挤压细胞核,使之变形,肝细胞之间可见大量的胶原纤维。结论胸导管结扎会导致肝脏形态结构和功能的变化。

Objective To determine effects of blocking the thoracic duct on the liver tissues. Methods Thirty ten-month-old rabbits were selected and randomly divided into the model （20） and control group（10）. Animal model was established by ligating the thoracic duct at the crura of the diaphragm for six months. The liver tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained with HE and observed under a light microscope （LM）. Some tissues were prepared as the ultra-sections and observed under a transmission electron microscope （TEM）. Before and after the models had been established for 6 months, the blood was sampled from the femoral vein for examining the liver functions. Results There was a markedly increase in concentration of total bilirubin（TBil） , direct bilirubin（DBil） , ALT, AST and a decrease in enzyme activity of albumin （P 〈 0.05） in the model rabbit. Large lipids were found in the liver of the model group after establishing the animal models for six months. The structures of liver tissues was damaged, the focus, traps and hepatic lobule were present but the phony lobules were not found. TEM examination showed that in the model group lipid droplets in different sizes were seen in the cytoplasm, and were heaped together. Some lipid droplets extruded the nucleus; a large number of collagen fibers were seen between the liver eells. Conclusion The ligation of the thoracic duct can result in the changes of functional and morphologic features of the liver of the rabbit.