四川汉族体质特征

Physical characteristics of Han in Sichuan

目的探讨四川城市、乡村成人的体质特征。方法按照Martin《人体测量方法》和《人体测量手册》规定的方法,在四川资阳地区简阳市调查342例男性(城市汉族男性137例,乡村汉族男性205例)和357例女性(城市女性151例,乡村女性206例)成人的86项体质指标,计算35项体质指数,统计了指数分型情况,并将之与我国族群资料进行比较,对四川汉族体质特征进行了初步分析。结果四川汉族(男女合计)上眼睑有皱褶率较高,有蒙古褶率低,眼裂高度多为窄型,眼外角多高于眼内角,鼻根高度多为中等型,鼻背多为直型,颧骨多不突出,鼻基部多为上翘,鼻翼高度多为中等,鼻孔最大径多为斜位;鼻翼宽度多大于眼内角宽,耳垂三角形率最高,上唇皮肤部高度多为中等,红唇厚度薄型率(49.1%)最高,中型率(40.1%)亦较高,厚红唇率低;发色为黑色,眼色多为褐色,肤色多为黄色。按头面部指数均值,四川汉族男女性均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、超狭面型、狭鼻型、长躯干型、亚短腿型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型,男性还为中胸型,女性还为宽胸型。四川汉族城市男性为中等身材,城市女性、乡村男性、乡村女性均属于亚中等身材。结论四川汉族头面部指标值、指数值明显受到南亚类型族群与北亚类型族群的共同影响。四川汉族体部指标值更接近于北亚类型族群,体部指数值介于北亚类型族群与南亚类型族群之间。

Objective To investigate the somatotype characteristic of urban and rural Han in Sichuan Ziyang. Methods Using the methods described in Martin＇ s Anthropometric Methods and Anthropomorphic handbook, 86 physique targets of 342 adult males （ 137 urban males and 205 rural males） and 357 adult females （ 151 urban females and 206 rural females） in Sichuan province Ziyang area Jianyang were investigated, Thirty-five physique indices were calculated and an index minute situation was counted. The data were compared with our country tribal grouping tribal group material. The physique characteristics of the Han in Sichuan were preliminarily analyzed. Results The Han in Sichuan （ male and female） had the high percent of eyefold of the upper eyelid, the triangular lobe types, the black hair color, the brown eye color, the yellow skin color, the narrow opening height of eyeslits, the medium nasal root height and height of alae nasi, the straight nasal profile, the low rate of zygomatic projection, the snuhby nasal base, the diagonal maximal diameter of nostrils and the medium upper lip skin height, which had the low percent of mongoloid fold and the thick thickness of lips. The ectocanthion was advanced to endocanthion. The Nasal breadth was advanced to interocular breadth. According to the average index of head and face, the males and females of Han in Siehuan were brachycephaly, hypsicephalic, metriocephalic, hyperleptoprosopy, leptorrhiny, long trunk, subbrachyskelic, broad shoulder breadth and broad distance between iliac crests. The males were medium chest circumference,and females were broad chest circumference. The males had the mesosoma in urban of Han. The males and females in the rural and the females in the urban had the submesosoma of Han. Conclusion The index and target of head and face of Han in Sichuan receive the joint influences of the ethnic groups of the South Asian type and the North Asian type. The target of body is close to the ethnic groups of the North Asian type, the index of body is between the ethnic groups of the North Asian type and the ethnic groups of the South Asian type.