甘肃省制药行业女工生殖健康现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on reproductive health status and influencing factors of female workers of pharmaceutical industry in Gansu province

目的了解甘肃省制药行业女工生殖健康现状，探讨影响女工生殖健康的影响因素，为提出干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法，选取甘肃省东部地区（平凉市、庆阳市）、中部地区（兰州市、定西市）、西部地区（张掖市、酒泉市）6市的16家制药企业的1801名女工为调查对象，进行问卷调查。结果制药行业女工月经异常发生率为43．25％（779例）。有20．43％（368例）的女工患乳腺疾病，居于前三位的乳腺疾病为乳腺增生（91．30％）、乳腺纤维瘤（5．43％）、乳腺炎（2．99％）。居于前三位的生殖系统疾病依次为子宫附件炎（21．57％）、宫颈糜烂（20．06％）、阴道炎（11．09％）。女工月经周期异常、月经量异常发生率随工龄的增加呈上升趋势，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；生殖系统疾病中宫颈糜烂的患病人数随工龄的增加呈上升趋势，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。安排工间休息、长时间站立、搬动重物、接触多种职业性危害因素均与女工月经异常有关，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；快速重复单调的动作是影响女工生殖系统疾病的重要因素（OR=1．255，95％CI=1．031～1．528）。结论甘肃省制药行业存在着较为严重的职业性危害因素，女工的生殖健康状况不容乐观，女工劳动保护需社会各方面予以关注。

Objective To understand the reproductive health status of female workers in pharmaceutical industry of Gansu Province, to explore influencing factors, and to propose some reference basis of intervening measures. Methods The cluster sampling method was used to study 1801 female workers from 16 pharmaceutical industries in 6 cities （Pingliang, Qingyang, Lanzhou, Dingxi, Zhangye and Jiuquan cities） of Gansu Province. The investigation was performed by interviewing and adopting questionnaires. Results There were the problems of labor and organization, which included the overtime work, continuous work, standing for long periods, rapid monotonous action assignments, the loading work and a variety of harmful factors in the working environment of the pharmaceutical industry in Gansu Province. There were many problems in the reproductive health status of female workers. The morbidities of abnormal menstruation and breast diseases in female workers were 43.25% and 20.43%. The order of high morbidities was hyperplasia of mammary glands （91.30%）, breast adenofibroma （5.43%） and mastiffs （2.99%）.The order of morbidities for three reproductive system disease was adnexitis （21.57% ）, cervical erosion （20.06%） and vaginitis （11.09%）. The rates of abnormal menstrual cycle, abnormal menstrual amount and cervical erosion increased with the length of service （P〈0.01）. The taking breaks, long standing, loading work, exposure to harmful＇factors were related to abnormal menstruation （P〈 0.05 ）. The rapid repeat monotonous action was an important influencing factor for female reproductive system disease （OR=1.255, 95%CI=1.031-1.528）. Conclusion There are relatively serious occupational hazards in the pharmaceutical industry of Gansu Province. The reproductive health status of female workers is not improved. Social public should pay attention to the protection for female workers.