超宽带电磁辐射对大鼠垂体和睾丸超微结构及性激素水平的影响

Effects of ultra-wideband electromagnetic irradiation on the ultrastructure of rat pituitary and testis and sex hormones of rat

目的观察超宽带（ultra—wideband，UWB）电磁辐射对大鼠垂体和睾丸超微结构以及血清中性激素水平的影响。方法将SD雄性大鼠随机分为辐照组和对照组。辐照组大鼠接受脉冲数为30万次的UWB辐照，并于辐照后6、12、24、48h，应用透射电子显微镜观察垂体及睾丸超微结构的改变．放射免疫法检测大鼠血清中睾酮（T）、黄体生成素（LH）及促卵泡激素（FSH）水平。结果在辐照后各时问点，大鼠垂体和睾丸均出现不同程度的损伤。在辐照后24h，垂体和睾丸损伤程度最重。垂体嗜碱细胞内质网扩张，胞浆中有空泡，出现脂滴，淋巴细胞渗出，染色质边集；睾丸组织中，精原细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞均出现染色质边集、内质网扩张，毛细血管内皮细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡化，淋巴细胞渗出。辐照组血清中T水平在辐照后24、48h分别为（1209．7±115．7）、（1340．5±331．1）μg／L，明显低于相应对照组[分别为（2721．8±178．9）、（2820．9±321．4）μg／L]，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而LH和FSH均未发生明显改变。结论UWB电磁辐射可导致大鼠垂体和睾丸超微结构发生变化，对大鼠血清中T含量有一定程度的影响，可能是UWB辐照引起大鼠生殖系统发生改变的原因之一。

Objective To observe the effects of ultra-wideband （UWB） electromagnetic irradiation on the uhrastructure of pituitary or testis and the serum sex hormones level of in rats. Methods SD male rats were divided randomly into control group and irradiation groups exposed to 3×10^5 pulses UWB irradiation for 6, 12, 24, 48 h. After exposure, the uhrastructure changes of pituitary and testis were observed by electron microscope. Serum testosterone （T） , luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results The rat pituitary and testis were injured at the different time after exposure to UWB electromagnetic irradiation, but the damage was serious at the 24 h after exposure. In the basophilic cell of the pituitary, there were the vacuoles and lipid droplets, dilated endoplasmic reticulum （ER）, exuded lymphocytes and gathered chromatin in the cell border. In the testis tissue, there were the dilated ER and gathered chromatin in the cell border of the spermatogonium, interstitial cell and sustentacular cell, some mitochondria became vacuolar and swollen in the capillary endotheliocytes and exuded lymphocytes. Serum T levels of the irradiation groups at 24 and 48 h were （1209.7±115.7）, （1340.5±331.1） μg/L, which were significantly lower than those [（2721.8±178.9） and （2820.9±321.4） μg/L] of control groups at 24 and 48 h （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference for LH and FSH between exposure groups and control groups. Conclusions UWB electromagnetic radiation could induce some changes in the uhrastructure of rat pituitary and testis and serum T level, which may induce the change of reproductive system.