运动处方在住院飞行员体能训练中的应用

Application of Exercise Prescription in Physical Training of Hospitalized Pilots

目的探讨运动处方在住院飞行员体能训练中的作用。方法根据住院飞行员的健康水平、功能状况、平时锻炼情况及年龄制定运动处方,确定运动强度、运动时间及运动频率。实施过程分三个阶段进行,即准备阶段、运动实施阶段和整理放松阶段。以主观感觉、平静心率、下蹲20次后心率、体重及腹围为评价指标,其中1项有改善为一般,2项有改善为较好,3项及以上有改善为显著。有效为较好与显著例数之和。结果 62例住院飞行员中运动效果显著27例(43.55%)、较好10例(16.13%)、一般25例(40.32%),有效率为59.68%。运动次数对运动效果有显著影响(P<0.05)。运动强度对运动效果也有一定影响,但没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有住院飞行员运动后均有主观感觉变化,在37例有效者中运动后心率变化者居多,体重、腹围变化者较少。结论运动处方可指导住院飞行员在医学监督下,有目的、有计划、科学合理地进行体能训练,对飞行员在住院期间保持和提高体能、出院后尽快适应飞行训练和承担作战任务有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the effect of exercise prescription in physical training of hospitalized pilots.Methods The exercise was prescribed according to hospitalized pilots＇ age,conditions of health,function and usual training to determine exercise intensity,time and frequency.The exercise course consisted of 3 stages preparation stage,exercise stage and relaxation stage for rate at rest,heart rate after squatting for 20 times,body weight and abdomen circumference.Improvement in 1 index was evaluated as common,2 as better and 3 as significant.The sum of better and significant was as effective.Results In exercise effectiveness of 62 hospitalized pilots,27（43.6%） were significant,10（16.1%） were better and 25（40.3%） were common.The total effective rate was 59.68%.Exercise times showed significant effect on exercise effectiveness（P0.05）.Exercise intensity：also showed certain effects on exercise effectiveness,but it did not reach statistical significance（P0.05）.After exercise,all hospitalized pilots felt better.Of 37 persons with therapeutic effects,the changes in heart rate were much more common,while the changes in body weight and abdomen circumference were less.Conclusion Exercise prescription can guide hospitalized pilots to conduct physical training on objective,plan and science under medical supervision.It has important significance in pilots to keep their physical fitness during hospitalization and to adapt flying training quickly after discharge.