发现灾民：灾害心理问题的构建

Discovering the Victims: the Construction of Disaster Psychological Problems

汶川地震之后,灾害心理干预实践和话语成为专家、官僚、非正常心理学知识所主导的场域,而受灾民众则被边缘化为等待解救的"无助病人"。从灾害心理干预的理论范式和实践形态探求这样一种机制得以形成的原因,可以发现仅仅将灾害视作一种刺激物的应用科学心理干预范式以及在现代性生境下对健康心理的界定共同忽视了灾害与人之间社会的、文化的相互关联性,忽视了受灾民众应对灾害的心理弹性,从而将受灾民众的灾害心理状态问题化。

After the Wenchuan Earthquake, psychological assistance was adopted as one of the key disaster intervention measure for recovery. But both in practices and discourses, the dominated field was occupied by experts, bureaucrats and the psychology knowledge of the unnormal. Concomitantly, the affected victims were marginalized as ＂helpless patients＂ who were waiting for rescue and psychological treatments. By looking back upon the perspectives of theories and a variety of actions related to disaster psychological intervention, this paper aims to explore the reasons in the formation of such a mech- anism. It argues that both the applied psychological intervention paradigm which regards disaster only as a stimulus, and the definition of mental health in a modernization context neglected the socio-cuhural intereonnectedness between disaster and human beings, as well as the mental resilience of the affected people themselves and their responses to disasters. As a result, the disaster psychological problems of affected people would be problematized.