失序的他者：关于智力障碍的社会建构

Disordered Others: the Social Construction of Intellectual Disability

有关身体的社会学研究多以社会建构主义的视角揭示话语和权力对身体的生产实践。从这种认识论视角出发,智力障碍通常被视为政治和文化上失序的符号象征,它的存在源于人类社会对秩序与混乱的分类图式,由此产生的污名化的社会认知使智障者群体被主流社会排斥和边缘化。从古代社会对智障者道德堕落和妖魔化的解释,到现代科学对其进行的临床诊断、隔离和教化,智力障碍的身体形式一直经历着社会、经济、文化等多重因素的建构与规训,以此维持和再生产着主流社会的秩序边界。

Many sociological studies on body have started from the social constructionism to analyze the constructive practices of discourse and power on human body. From this epistemological point of view, intellectual disability （ID） is often perceived as a symbol of political and cultural disorder. The existence of ID stems from the categorization schemas that human society used for ordering, while the resulting social stigma made the people with ID excluded and marginalized by mainstream society. From the perception as demon and moral degradation in ancient times to the modern treatment in forms of diagnosis, isolation and enlightenment, the body of people with ID has always been constructed and disciplined by the social, economic and cultural factors. The borderline of order and disorder is thereby maintained and reproduced.