皖江流域圩田开发对区域生态环境影响分析

Analysis of the effect the Polder's development in Wanjiang River on the regional eco-environment

皖江流域农业开发的历史悠久,是得天独厚的稻作农业区,圩田事业长盛不衰。明清两代,皖江流域的圩田开发进入了鼎盛时期,水利事业和联圩并圩工程逐渐发展和完善,促进了农业生产方式的变革。清代中叶以后,伴随着人地矛盾的日渐突出,更大规模的圩田开发运动带来了物产枯竭、地力下降、水土流失、渔业受阻、水患加剧等一系列生态问题,地区生态系统愈显脆弱。以史为鉴,对新时期区域生态环境保护具有一定的参考意义。

Having been exploited for a long time, Wanjiang River is noted as an exceptional agricultural field with planted rice, especially the polder which enjoys a long - time popularity. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, the polder＇ s development in Wanjiang River has reached its peak time, and the gradual development and perfection of water conservancy utilities and dyke projects have objectively promoted the change of the mode of production of agriculture and the agricultural productivity. Yet, since the second - half of Qing Dynasty, with the contradiction between man and soil and larger scale of polder development intensifying, a series of eco - problems have emerged： grain exhaustion, fertility decline, soil erosion, blocked fisheries, and increased flooding, which rendered the eco - system even weaker. Learning from the history, this paper is of certain reference value to the construction of new countryside project in the harmonious society.