广东省荔枝育种中长期战略与策略的探讨

Exploration on the strategy and resources of litchi breeding in medium-long term for Guangdong province

分析了广东省荔枝产业现状、存在问题和各优势区的品种分布特点与发展潜力,尤其是近年来凸显的单一品种种植规模偏大、不同成熟期品种搭配比例失调、产期相对集中和季节性过剩等结构性问题,探讨了我省中长期荔枝育种总体的战略目标及其对策,分析总结了过去我省荔枝选育种工作的特点,指出了长期以来过度强调鲜食品质性状并作为选育的最主要目标性状的不足,提出针对鲜食、加工和出口贸易3个大的方向分别制定相应的综合目标;建议中长期总体的育种战略以尽最大限度拉长鲜果供应覆盖期、解决荔枝集中销售难等严重制约我省荔枝产业发展的瓶颈问题为重点,兼顾极端成熟期(极早或晚熟)、稳产性、耐贮性和加工性状等主要目标。同时还对育种技术与手段发展的前景进行了展望,并就今后如何开展我省荔枝育种工作提出建议。

Overall strategy and countermeasure of litchi （Litchi chinensis Sonn.） breeding for Guangdong province in medium-long term was explored based on litchi industry present situation, cuhivar distribution characteristics and potential capability for development of different litchi producing areas, especially some structural problems existed in last few years, such as single cuhivar＇s excessive planting scale, collocation disproportion of different ripening cultivars, relatively concentrated maturity caused seasonal surplus. Analysis of past works on litchi breeding showed that excessive stress had been laid on fresh-eating quality, the main objective traits for past breeding strategy. In future, comprehensive breeding goals corresponding to three orientation （fresh-eating, processing and export trade） should be established. The overall medium-long term breeding strategy should focus on elongating the supply period coverage of fresh fruit in maximum, in order to resolve the bottleneck problems such as the difficult salability that seriously restrict the development of litchi industry in our province. Accordingly, the extreme maturity stage （early or late）, dependable crop, keeping-quality and processing trait, as the most important objective traits for breeding goals, should be included. In the mean time, by analysis of breeding technology and methods, sorae suggestion was put forward for litchi breeding tasks in our province.