英汉科技翻译中的语用失误及规避方略

Pragmatic Failures in the E-C Translation of Science and Technology and the Principles of Translation

在英汉科技翻译过程中,常常产生一些语用失误。英汉科技翻译中的语用失误包括两类:语言语用失误和社交语用失误。语言语用失误主要有因单词字面意思引起的误译,违反汉语词语搭配、句法结构的表达习惯引起的误译,套用英语语篇结构引起的误译;社交语用失误主要有译文中的文化缺省造成的语用失误,汉英文化、价值观差异导致的语用失误。规避科技英语翻译中语用失误的方略可以有直译、意译、增译、省译、加注等。

There are some pragmatic failures in the E-C translation of science and technology. The pragmatic failures in the translation of EST consist of two categories： language pragmatic failures and social pragmatic failures. Language pragmatic failures are mainly due to 1） the word mistranslation of literal meaning; 2） mistranslation caused by violation of Chinese word collocation and sentence patterns; 3） misuse of borrowing the structure and expression in English text. While social pragmatic failures are mainly caused by the gap between the Sino-British culture and value differences. Some techniques, such as transliteration, transference, amplification, omission, note etc. can be applied in the translation in EST to reduce pragmatic failures.