珠江口滨海湿地生态环境退化分析

Analysis on Degradation of Ecological Environment of Coastal Wetland around the Pearl River Estuary

2007和2008年秋季对珠江口滨海湿地进行了2个航次的现状调查,并选择了6条代表性断面进行现场观测和样品采集。结果显示:珠江口滨海湿地的水质污染严重,主要受化学需氧量和生化需氧量的污染,沉积物主要受铜、锌、镉、砷的污染较为严重,特别是铜污染,而且磨刀门断面很有可能存在镉污染源;高等植物主要分布在自然保护区和湿地公园,且以红树林为主;底栖生物多样性不高,均匀度一般。珠江口滨海湿地退化主要表现为天然湿地面积减少、湿地生产力不断下降和湿地环境状况持续恶化等。退化的主要原因是滩涂开发与围填海、污染物大量排放和过度捕捞与养殖等。

The coastal wetland around the Pearl River estuary is various and widespread, but in the past few years it was unreasonably exploited, and the quality of ecological environment presented a declining trend. The authors investigated the coastal wetland around the Pearl River estuary in autumn of 2007 and 2008, selecting six representative zones to be studied. The results show that the water was badly polluted by chemical oxygen demand and biologic oxygen demand, the sediment was mostly polluted by Cu, Zn, Cd and As, especially Cu, and Cd pollution resource could be found around the Modaomen Estuary, higher plant grew mainly in nature reserve and wetland parks and was mostly mangrove, benthos diversity was low and evenness was medial. The main degradation phenomena of coastal wetland around the Pearl River estuary are area reduction of natural wetlands, declining of productivity of wetlands and continual deterioration of the wetland environment, etc. The main causes are irrational beach exploitation and reclamation, mass pollutant emissions, and overfishing, etc.