基于多源遥感的莺歌海滨岸环境特征分析

Analysis of Coastal Environment in Yinggehai with Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images

采用综合多源遥感方法提取地表信息,结合文献资料和实地调查数据探讨莺歌海滨岸带地面要素的分布特征及其相互关系。主要讨论了综合激光雷达(LiDAR)、极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)、光学和光谱遥感数据进行地表信息提取的适用方法,包括建立精细潮位线模型、近岸微地貌模型,并进行沙化土地、植被、湿地的提取与分类;分析了莺歌海滨岸区的海岸形态、土地退化、湿地与植被分布以及自然景观结构的特征。研究表明,综合遥感方法能有效地支持地表环境特征提取;研究区内滩涂和湿地资源利用不合理;存在较高的土地退化风险;湿地开发与盐场生产活动为人地关系的核心矛盾。最后提出了相关的综合治理建议。

A large area of wetland in Yinggehai littoral zone in Hainan island is used as salt field, where the nature environment is obviously affected by intense human activities. In this paper, multi-source remote sensing images, including LiDAR data, SAR images, and multi-spectral images, are used to survey and analyses LUCC landscape of Yinggehai littoral zone. Retrieving accurate tidal line, microrelief DEM reconstruction and land cover classification are conducted. It can be found that the littoral zone is mainly covered with mangrove and lagoon wetland, which have been seriously damaged by human activities such as irrational exploitation of wetland or mudflat resources. It is also shown that there exists high ecological risk of soil and vegetation degradation. Based on microrelief DEM and LUCC retrieved from the remote sensing images, the relation among different types of land use is further discussed. The results would provide basic information and theoretical reference for wetland exploitation and protection. Some suggestions, including planning of mudflat use and restoring original wetland are brought out for the rational utilization of the resources.