加拿大老年人口状况及发展态势

Development Status of Persons Aged 65 Years and Over in Canada

采用加拿大2006年人口普查资料,结合旅居加国的经历,统计分析了加拿大老年人口的发展趋势和现状。分析显示:加拿大老年人口前期(1921―1981年)增长慢,后期(2001―2006年)增长快,老年人口数量中,女性比男性多,寿命比男性长,老年人口分布集中在安大略省;人口老龄化发展过程给社会带来了一系列问题,老龄化使政府和企业的养老负担日益加重,瞻养率大幅度下降,政府每年支付养老金及医疗费用的数量增加,导致劳动力市场压力增大,劳动资源不足。文中还介绍了人口专家为解决加国人口老龄化问题所提出的建议和对策,以及加拿大政府在老年人口养老与医疗方面的一些做法,认为值得中国借鉴。

Based on 2006 Census of Canada and the author＇s experience of living in Canada, this paper analyses the development status of persons aged 65 years and over in the country. The result shows that： population aged 65 years and over grew slowly during 1921-1981, whereas fast during 2001-2006. In the aged population, the females are more than the males, and life of the males also longer. The aged are more distributed in Ontario Province. Population aging brings many problems for society： the burden of government for the seniors aggravates day by day, the government has to pay more and more on public pension and health insurance, that has a major impact on the labor force market. The author considers that the experience of Canada on population aging might be used for reference in China, and introduces some suggestions and measurements for solving the problems.