浙江天目山自然保护区森林景观格局分析

Analysis of Forest Landscape Pattern in Mount Tianmu National Nature Reserve

以浙江省天目山自然保护区为研究对象,收集森林景观格局特征所需的地形图、遥感影像以及森林资源二类调查数据等资料。将天目山自然保护区森林景观分为5种森林景观斑块类型:即阔叶林、针叶林、针阔混交林、经济林和竹林,并将森林景观分为2种类型:自然景观和半自然景观;选取斑块密度、形状指数、多样性指数和优势度指数等景观格局指数,在GIS和RS技术支持下,对森林景观格局特征进行分析。结果表明:在森林景观斑块中,斑块密度和分离度最大的均为经济林,最小的为阔叶林;竹林斑块具有最复杂的形状特征,经济林具有最规则的形状特征;景观多样性指数排序为:整个景观>自然景观>半自然景观,优势度指数排序为:半自然景观>整个景观>自然景观。

Mount Tianmu National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province was taken as the study object, the terrain map, remote sensing images and the data required by the 2nd class forest management inventory were collected to analyze the characteristics of the forest landscape pattern. The forest landscape of Mount Tianmu National Nature Reserve was classified into five types of forest landscape patches including broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, co- niferous and broadleaved mixed forest, non-timber product forest and bamboo forest. The forest landscape was clas- sified into two categories, i. e. , the natural landscape and the semi-natural landscape. Then, the patch density, shape index, diversity index and dominance index, etc. were selected as landscape pattern indices which were used in analyzing forest landscape characteristics based on GIS and RS techniques. The results showed that the patch density and the separation index of non-timber forests were the least. The patches of bamboo product plantations had the most regular patch landscape 〉 natural landscape 〉 semi-natural semi-natural landscape 〉 the whole landscape product plantations were the biggest, and those of the broadleaved forest had the most complex shape feature, while the non-timber shape. The landscape diversity indexes were ordered as the whole landscape, whereas the order of the dominance indexes was that the 〉 natural landscape.