从龙勃罗梭与托尔斯泰之争看实证主义犯罪学

Review on positivism criminology through the argument between Lombroso and Tolstoy

为重新审视实证主义犯罪学及其价值,分析比较龙勃罗梭与托尔斯泰的学术理念。分析认为,天生犯罪人论不过是一个以社会防卫论为刑事政策指向的庞大学术工程的开端。并认为,实证主义犯罪学通过批判过往的刑事理论,彻底扬弃了以报应为核心的刑罚观;将关注的重点从犯罪行为转向了承受刑罚之痛的主体——犯罪人;进而提出了革命性的犯罪人矫治理念。

In order to reconsider prositivism criminology, the paper analyzes the academic Lombroso and beginning of a Tolstoy. The analysis results show that the born criminal theory is nothing more grand project aiming at a criminal policy of social defense. Through criticizing ideas of than the the old criminal theories, the positivism criminology has maken a complete break with the retribution theory, changed the research point from criminal behaviors to criminal men, and finally developed the revolutionary idea of criminal treatment.