基因敲除模型小鼠在疾病研究中的应用

Gene knockout mouse models for disease study

背景:人类很多疾病是由基因决定的,构建相应的基因敲除动物模型对疾病的发病机制和治疗研究具有重要的意义。目的:探讨基因敲除小鼠模型在心血管、神经、骨骼、肝脏、视网膜等系统的疾病研究中的应用与发展前景。方法:应用计算机检索CNKI期刊全文数据库和PubMed数据库(1990-01/2009-12)与基因敲除小鼠模型相关的文献。检索词分别为"基因敲除小鼠;动脉粥样硬化;神经系统;骨质疏松;肝脏;视网膜"和"Gene knock-out;Mice Atherosclerosis;Nervous system;Osteoporosis;Liver;Retinal"。纳入具有原创性,论点论据可靠的以基因敲除小鼠模型评价的文献报道。排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。结果与结论:检索到文献75篇,按纳入及排除标准筛选后共纳入文献38篇。经分析得出以下结论:基因敲除小鼠广泛应用于人类疾病模型,目前已构建了数百个人类疾病的小鼠模型,包括心血管疾病、神经退化性疾病、糖尿病、癌症等小鼠模型。通过对基因敲除小鼠疾病模型的研究,可以找到相关疾病的潜在治疗靶点,为人类精确地研究基因与疾病的直接关系提供了可能。

BACKGROUND：Many diseases in human are determined by genes.Constructing corresponding gene knockout animal models is of significance for treatment of diseases and studying the underlying pathological mechanisms.OBJECTIVE：To investigate the application and research progress of knockout mouse models in studying cardiovascular,neurological,bone,liver,retinal diseases.METHODS：A computer-based retrieval was performed to search manuscripts regarding knockout mouse models in CNKI and PubMed published between January 1990 and December 2009 with the Keywords ＂knockout mouse,atherosclerosis,nervous system,osteoporosis,liver,retina＂ in Chinese and English language.Manuscripts evaluating knockout mouse models with original and reliable evidence were included and those with repetitive contents or Meta analysis papers were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Total 75 manuscripts were retrieved,and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,38 manuscripts were included in the final analysis.Results showed that knockout mouse models are widely used for study diseases in human.At present,several hundred of mouse models have been established for studying diseases in human,including cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative diseases,diabetes mellitus,and caner.Studying knockout mouse models can acquire the therapeutic target of related diseases,which provide possibilities for precisely studying the direct relationship between gene and diseases.