我国研究生教育制度变迁与组织演变特征

Institutional Change and Organizational Change:Evolution of the Management System of Graduate Education in China and Its Features

1978年研究生招生的初步恢复及1981年学位制度的正式建立,标志着我国中央集中管理为主的研究生教育管理体制的形成。随着地方政府对研究生教育的领导权和统筹权的不断加强,研究生培养单位培养和管理能力的日渐提高,原先的中央集中计划管理体制已经难以适应研究生教育发展的需要。从80年代中期开始,一场以权力下放、组织分层、管理重心下移为基本趋向的体制演变逐步展开。这种演变以渐进改革为主线并以激进改革为辅线,以政府强制性制度变迁为主导转为诱致性制度变迁为主体,以中央集权单一化逐步转变为以地方分权分散化的历史过程。

Resumption of graduate enrollment in 1978 and establishment of the degree system in 1981 marks the formation of the centralized management system of graduate education in China. Along with the strengthening of the authority of the local government over postgraduate education and the improvement of teaching and management ability of the institutions of postgraduate education, it is difficult for the traditional system to meet the needs of the development of postgraduate education. Since the mid-1980s, an evolution has begun with decentralization, organizational stratification, and downward movement of managerial focus. And in the evolution progressive reform has been taken as the main form of change with radical reform as its supplementary form, the compulsory-change-dominated form has gradually given way to the induced institutional change, and unified centralization has been translated to decentralization.