蚁酸钙对嘎拉苹果的疏花效果研究

Thinning effect of Calcium-formic Acid Compound on the apple flowers of Gala

【目的】研究蚁酸钙对黄土高原"嘎拉"苹果的疏花效果,以确定蚁酸钙的最佳喷布时期和质量浓度。【方法】以7年生"嘎拉"苹果树为试材,分别设置全树5%中心花盛开后1,2,4,6,7d5个喷布时期和2.5,4.33,8.75,13.2,15g/L 5个蚁酸钙质量浓度处理,以自然疏除、喷施清水、人工疏除为对照,以中心花坐果率、边花坐果率、花序坐果率、花朵坐果率为评价指标,采用二元二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,以明确蚁酸钙最佳质量浓度和喷布时期,并比较了在蚁酸钙最佳质量浓度和喷布时期下果实品质与3个对照间的差异。【结果】建立了中心花坐果率、边花坐果率、花序坐果率、花朵坐果率与蚁酸钙质量浓度、喷布时期两因素编码值的数学回归模型,回归拟合检验显著,失拟值不显著,模型有效;单因素分析表明,对"嘎拉"苹果中心花疏除效果的影响大小为喷布时期>蚁酸钙质量浓度,对花序坐果率的影响为蚁酸钙质量浓度>喷布时期。边际效应解析结果表明,喷布时期对"嘎拉"苹果的疏花效果较蚁酸钙质量浓度显著;通过坐果率分析并结合果实品质测定结果可知,在5%中心花盛开后第2.71～4.37天喷施9.74～10.41g/L的蚁酸钙,有良好的疏花效果。【结论】在适当时期施用一定质量浓度的蚁酸钙对"嘎拉"苹果的疏花效果显著,并且不会影响果实品质。

【Objective】 The research was conducted to select the optimum spraying time and concentration of Calcium-formic Acid Compound by studying its thinning effect on the Gala Apple Flowers in Loess Plateau.【Method】 With mid-maturing variety Gala as test material,the experiment was carried out by using the method of Experimental design orthogonal rotation which set 5 different concentration and spraying time treatments with blank,solvent and manual control.The optimum concentration and spraing time were established by investigating the center flower fruit set,lateral flower fruit set,inflorescence fruit set and total flower fruit set,and the fruit quality was also compared between the treatments and controls.【Result】 The effects of the Calcium-formic Acid Compound Concentration and spraying time on the flower setting rate such as center flower fruit set,lateral flower fruit set,inflorescence fruit set,total flowers fruit set were researched and mathematical regression models were established.The models were effective after examing.Single-factor analysis showed the significance of thinning effect on center flower fruit set was spraying timespraying concentration,but for the inflorescence fruit set it was spraying concentrationspraying time.The overall effect of Marginal utility was spraying timespraying concentration.In combination of the fruit set analysis and fruit quality,the thinning effect was significant when the concentration of Calcium-formic Acid Compound was 9.74-10.41 g/L at the time of 2.71-4.37 days after 5% of the central flower in full bloom.【Conclusion】 Thinning can achieve significant results without excessive risk at an optimum spraying time and concentration.