有机基质中微生物数量随番茄生育期的变化

Variation of microbial biomass in different organic culture media at different growth stages of tomato

【目的】研究不同有机基质配方中微生物数量在番茄不同生育期的变化,为进一步揭示有机基质对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响奠定基础。【方法】以稻壳、玉米秸秆、玉米芯、麦糠、菇渣等农业生物质为原料,将其腐熟后配成5种复合有机栽培基质,基质A:V(玉米秸秆)∶V(麦糠)∶V(菇渣)=2∶5∶3,基质B:V(稻壳)∶V(玉米芯)∶V(菇渣)=5∶2∶3,基质C:V(稻壳)∶V(玉米秸秆)∶V(菇渣)=5∶2∶3,基质D:V(稻壳)∶V(玉米芯)∶V(菇渣)=3∶2∶5,基质E:V(玉米芯)∶V(麦糠)∶V(菇渣)=2∶3∶5,同时以常规有机生态型栽培基质(V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)=2∶1)为对照(CK)。2009-07-25将番茄幼苗定植于装有上述不同配方基质的基质袋中,定期取样采用平板法测定各基质中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量。【结果】在番茄生育期内,不同配方基质中的微生物数均以细菌最多,其次是放线菌,真菌最少。基质A、B、C的细菌和真菌数均在番茄结果前期达到峰值,分别为每g干样中5.17×107,6.53×107,6.64×107个和26.80×104,18.00×104,19.33×104个;基质D、E和CK中的细菌和真菌数均在番茄结果中期达到峰值,分别为每g干样中5.34×107,5.06×107,2.54×107个和8.00×104,7.73×104,27.73×104个。所有基质的放线菌数均在番茄结果中期达到峰值,峰值以基质B最高,达每g干样11.27×106个;其次是基质C,为7.81×106个;对照基质(CK)最少,为5.30×106个。【结论】不同配方基质中的微生物数量在番茄不同生育期存在差异。

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the quantity variation of microorganism in the organic culture media all over tomato growth stages to establish a base for revealing the influence of culture medium on growth,yield and quality of tomato.【Method】 Taking fermented rice hull,corn straw,corn cob,wheat bran,mushroom scrap as materials,5 mulriple organic culture media A（V（corn straw）∶V（wheat bran）∶V（mushroom scrap）=2∶5∶3）,B（V（rice hull）∶V（corn cob）∶V（mushroom scrap）=5∶2∶3）,C（V（rice hull）∶V（corn straw）∶V（mushroom scrap）=5∶2∶3）,D（V（rice hull）∶V（corn cob）∶V（mushroom scrap）=3∶2∶5） and E（V（corn cob）∶V（wheat bran）∶V（mushroom scrap）=2∶3∶5） were prepared in volume proportion to grow tomato in bag from September to December of 2009,with the conventional cultural medium（peat∶perlite=2∶1） as the control（CK）.The media were sampled at different tomato growth stages to measure the quantity of bacteria,fungus and actinomycete by plate method.【Result】 The quantity of bacteria ranked the first,actinomycete the second and fungus the last in different media at different growth stages of tomato.The quantity of bacteria and fungus in media A,B and C reached peaks at early fruit stage,which was 5.17×107,6.53×107,6.64×107 and 26.80×104,18.00×104,19.33×104/g dry media（DM）,respectively.The quantity of bacteria and fungus in media D,E and CK reached peaks at middle fruit stage,which was 5.34×107,5.06×107,2.54×107 and 8.00×104,7.73×104,27.73×104/g（DM）.The quantity of actinomycete in all the 6 media reached peaks at middle fruit stage.The quantity of actinomycete in medium B at the peak stage was 11.27×106/g（DM） which ranked the first.The next was 7.81×106/g（DM） in medium C,and the least was 5.30×106/g（DM） in CK.【Conclusion】 The microbial biomass is different in different organic culture media at different growth stages of tomato.