概念语法隐喻研究的限制与扩展

On the Restraint and Expansion of Ideational Grammatical Metaphor

本文首先从Halliday对语法隐喻的定义、研究目标和方法分析入手,提出"隐喻式由一致式直接转类而来"这个限制条件。该限制对界定语法隐喻研究范围有两点意义:一、摒弃了缺少形似特征的隐喻式;二、增加了名词到形容词、动词等类型,将概念语法隐喻扩展为双向模式。本文还指出名词化是语义删减的语法隐喻,而动词化是语义扩充的语法隐喻。然后,本文借助认知语言学的意象图式和转喻理论,指出名词化和动词化从"一致式"到"隐喻式"转换的认知机制都是转喻,从认知角度对语法隐喻的双向模式加以证实,并对典型的和非典型的语法隐喻做了说明。在结论中介绍了本文的两个引申意义:一、符合语言事实的语法隐喻和词汇隐喻的关系;二、应加强跨语言、跨语域的语法隐喻性和语法隐喻度研究。

The definition and classification of ideational grammatical metaphor （IGM） of Systemic Functional Linguistics has always been questionable. We propose ＂direct transcategorization from the congruent form＂ as the only rt：~traint of GM, which limits as well as expands the realm of IGM study. The paper introduces the bidirectional mode of IGM. It is concluded that nominalization involves meaning omission, while verbalization involves meaning expansion. With the theories of image schema and metonymy from cognitive linguistics, the paper verifies two types of IGM, the prototypical and the non-prototypieal. Finally, the paper argues that lexical metaphor and grammatical metaphor can be the study of the same phenomena from different perspectives and more emphasis should be put on the study of metaphoricity of IGM in various languages and registem.