早产儿出院后父母居家照护需求调查分析

Study of family nursing needs of parents in preterm infants after discharge

目的了解早产儿出院后父母的居家照护需求，探讨有效延续家庭护理的对策，为提高早产儿生存质量提供实证依据。方法自行设计调查问卷，采用方便抽样对105名出院初期早产儿父母的居家照护需求进行横断面问卷调查。结果早产儿父母的居家照护需求总得分为（3．30±0．81）分，各项照护需求依次为获得再保证需求（3．46±0．75）分、医疗信息需求（3．39±0．71）分、照护能力需求（3．29±0．86）分、社会支持需求（3．08±0．92）分。在22个单项需求中，早产儿父母认为接近非常重要的需求有10项，其余12项需求内容为重要和接近重要。结论出院后早产儿父母的居家照护需求较高，其照护需求呈现多层次、多方面，应根据早产儿父母的照护需求特点进行健康教育，实施以家庭为中心的护理，建立从医院过渡到家庭护理的健康管理模式。

Objective To explore family nursing needs of parents in preterm infants after discharge and to provide a reference for improving quality of life among preterm infants. Methods A sample of 105 parents of preterm infants responded to the cross-sectional survey. The self-structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire data concerning the family nursing needs were collected by telephone interview at one month after discharge. Results The total score of family nursing need was （ 3.30 ± 0. 81 ）, the care needs regarding guarantees again was （ 3.46 ± 0.75 ）, medical information was （ 3.39 ± 0.71 ）, care ability was （ 3.29 ± 0.86 ） The care needs regarding guarantees again, medical care information and care ability were higher than society support. A total of ten needs were very important and twelve needs were relatively important to parents. Conclusions Parents demonstrated strong and various family nursing needs for preterm infants after discharge. A needs-based health education, family-centered care, and strategies of transition from hospital to home are required to support parents.