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基于零售商与消费者预测行为的牛鞭效应 被引量:7

Bullwhip Effect Based on Retailers' and Customers' Forecasting Behaviors
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摘要 考虑一个供应商和一个零售商组成的两级供应链,零售商运用移动平均和指数平滑技术预测提前期需求,分析价格波动下消费者的价格预测行为对牛鞭效应的影响。分析表明:①零售商平滑的需求预测有助于减小牛鞭效应;②消费者的价格预测行为有助于减小牛鞭效应,一方面,消费者越关注历史价格的波动,越有助于减小牛鞭效应;另一方面,消费者观察到更长期的历史价格可以进一步减小牛鞭效应。比较了两种预测技术下的牛鞭效应,同以往学者研究结论不同,移动平均预测下的结果可能比指数平滑预测下的结果显著。 In a single two-stage supply chain with one supplier and one retailer,where the retailer uses the moving average(MA) and exponential smoothing(ES) forecasting techniques,we analyze the impact of price forecast by customers on Bullwhip Effect(BWE) under price fluctuation.Results show that:(1) the retailer's smooth demand forecast can reduce BWE;(2) customers' price forecasting behavior can reduce BWE: the more customers concern about price fluctuation,the smaller the BWE is,and customers observe a longer-term historical price can further reduce the BWE;and(3) BWE under MA may be significant compared to that under ES,which is different from previous research.
出处 《系统工程》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2011年第8期14-20,共7页 Systems Engineering
基金 国家自然科学基金资助项目(70602017) 国家社会科学基金资助项目(06CJY019) 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2010JM9003)
关键词 牛鞭效应 需求函数 价格敏感 预测 Bullwhip Effect Demand Function Price-sensitive Forecasting
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