学科变革与大学转型的历史检视

Historical Review on Disciplinary Reform and University Transformation

大学与学科具有紧密的历史联系。早在中世纪的欧洲,知识复兴为知识分化、学科的出现提供了可能,进而以学科为基础逐渐形成了最初的大学教育形式。在知识演进和学科分野的推动下,大学逐渐形成了多学科并存的发展局面。多学科教育改革并重组了原有单科性教育体制,以鼎立之势夯实了大学的学科根基。同时,多学科教育也导致知识划分过细、学科之间相互隔离。学科交叉则有助于在知识增长、科研创新和人才培养等方面推动新的大学变革。因而,现代大学应树立学科跨越的新理念,以学科变革推动大学新的转型发展。

There are close historical relations between universities and disciplines. In medieval Eu- rope, knowledge renaissance provided possibility for knowledge division and the emergence of disci- plines, and then gradually formed the original discipline-based university education. With the impetus of knowledge evolution and discipline division, universities gradually developed and changed into the co- existing multi-disciplines. Multidisciplinary education reformed and reconstituted the original single- discipline education system, and firmly established the disciplinary foundation of university. At the same time, multidisciplinary education has led to meticulous knowledge-division and isolated disciplina- ry relationship; interdisciplinary will help promoting new university reform in knowledge growth, re- search innovation and talents cultivation, etc. Thus, modern university should foster the new acrossdisciplines ideas, in order to promote the new university transformation with disciplinary reform.